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jpUkiw Ntjghlq;fs;
ghlk; 2
fHj;jUila
thHj;ijiag; Gupe;Jnfhs;Sjy;
rq;fPjf;fhudhfpa jhtPJ
Ntjtrdj;ijg; Gupe;Jnfhs;s jdf;F czHitj; jUk;gb Njtdplj;jpy; Ntz;bf;nfhz;lhd; (rq;.119:34>
125:169). Ntjj;ijg; Gupe;Jnfhs;shkNyNa Nkk;Nghf;fha; gbg;gJ Mgj;ij tUtpf;Fk;.
Mz;ltuhfpa ,NaR fpwp];J ehd; cq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;Yfpw trdq;fs; MtpahAk;> [PtdhAk; ,Uf;fpwJ
vd;W $wpdhH (Nah.6:69). ,e;j cyfj;jpNyNa gue;j mwpTs;s vOj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;lJ
NtjGj;jfNkahFk;. mit ek;Kila KOikahd ftdj;ijAk;> gpuahrj;ijAk;
Nfl;fpwjhapUf;fpwJ. vdNt ehk; fHj;jUila Ntjj;ijg; gbg;gjpy;
m[hf;fpuijahapUf;ff;$lhJ.
,e;j cyfj;jpNyNa
gupRj;j MtpahdtNu rpwe;j NghjfH (1.Nah.2:27). vdNtjhd; jhtPJ ckJ Ntjj;jpy; cs;s
mjpraq;fis ehd; ghHf;Fk;gbf;F vd;Dila fz;fisj; jpwe;jUSk; vd;W ,iwtdplk;
Ntz;bf;nfhz;lhd; (rq;.119:18). mjd;gpwFk; $l rpyH Ntjj;ijg; gFj;jwptJ Mtpf;FupaJ
my;y vd;W jPHkhdpf;fpwdH. kjmDrhuizKiwAs;stHfsha;> rhJHakhf fhupaq;fis
rhjpf;fpwtHfsha; ,Uf;fpd;w rpy Mtpf;Fupa jiytHfs; tpRthrpfis FWf;F ghijapy;
Jupjg;gLj;JfpwhHfs;. ,g;gbg;gl;l ghij Mgj;jpy;jhd; nrd;W KbAk;. Njtd; ekf;F kdij
Gwf;fzpf;f my;y. gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhfNt nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhH. ehk; ek;Kila KOkdNjhL
Njtid Nerpf;fNtz;Lk; (khw;.12:30> Y}f;.10:27). ehk; ek;Kila kdij jahH nra;J
nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. (2.NgJ.1:13). Njtd; jk;Kila gpukhzj;ij ek;Kila kdjpNy itf;f
tpUk;GfpwhH (vgp.8:10)
vdNt ehk; rq;.81:10
trdj;ij Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;b Ntjj;ij xOq;fhf jpahdpahkypUf;ff;$lhJ. fPo;g;gbahjpUf;fpw
kdijAilatHfs; Ntjj;ijg; gbg;gjpy; gapw;Wtpf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. ehk; Ntjj;ij mjpfkhf
gbj;J jpahdpf;fpd;w gof;fj;ij tsHj;jpf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. thHj;ijfSf;fhd nghUis
mjpfkhf njupe;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk;. kw;w tpguq;fspd; kPJk; ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. $wg;gl;Ls;s
cwT rk;ge;jjj;ijAk; ghHf;fNtz;Lk;.
Fwpg;G fUj;J
1.
Gj;jfq;fs; topahf:
xU Gj;jfj;ij nt;NtW gFjpfshf gpupj;J Muha;tjw;F Kd; mg;Gj;jfj;ij KOikahfg;
gbj;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. me;jf; Fwpg;gpl;l Gj;jfj;ijr; rhHe;j (rk;ge;jkhd) gFjpfs;
kw;w fhupaq;fSf;F ,ilNa cs;sjhftpUf;Fk;. NtjgFjpapd; mikg;gpw;F rk;ge;jkpy;yhj
fUj;Jf;fs; cl;Gfhjgbf;F mtw;iw jtpHf;fNtz;Lk;.
a)
jpahdpf;fg;Nghfpw Gj;jfj;ij xUKiwf;F Nky; gbj;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;.
b)
Gj;jfk; gbf;fpd;w NghJ Gyg;gLk; kpf Kf;fpakhd fUj;Jf;fis vOjpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
c)
Gj;jfj;jpd; ika rj;jpaj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.
d)
gpujhd fUj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jfpw jpwTNfhy; trdj;ij fz;Lgpbf;fNtz;Lk;.
e)
jhq;fp epw;ff;$ba kw;w fUj;Jf;fisAk; ghHf;fNtz;Lk;.
2.
mjpfhuq;fspd; topahf:
xU mjpfhuk; xU rpy rpe;jidia (fUj;ij) typAWj;jpf; $Wtjpy; KbTngwhtpl;lhy;> gpwF
Kf;fpa gFjpia cUthf;ff; $ba trdq;fis vLj;Jf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. Vnddpy; goq;fhy
VLfspy; (vOj;Jf;fspy;) mjpfhuq;fNsh gj;jpfNsh ,lk;ngwtpy;iy.
a)
gbj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpw NtjgFjpia mjw;F Ke;ija gFjpNahL xg;gpL.
b)
Kf;fpa fUj;Jf;fis cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;.
c)
rpe;jidf;F NtjgFjpia gy gpupTfshfg; gpupj;JtpL.
d)
,e;j gpupTfNshL Kf;fpa fUj;ij xg;gpl;Lg; ghH.
e)
me;j mjpfhuj;jpw;F xU rpwpa jiyg;igf; nfhLj;JtpL.
3.
thf;fpaq;fspd; topahf:
trdq;fs; vg;nghOJk; thf;fpaj;jpd; xU gFjpiaj;jhd; Fwpg;gpLk;. vdNt KO gFjpiaAk;
fUj;jpy; nfhz;L ,yf;fzj;jpw;F ,zq;f thf;fpaq;fis cilj;JtpL (gpupj;JtpL).
a)
xt;nthU thf;fpaKk; vg;gb xU mjpfhuj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;gpl;l rpe;jidf;F (fUj;jpw;F)
rk;ge;jKilajhapUf;fpwJ?
b)
vd;d vOjg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;gij cz;ikahf mwpe;Jnfhs;s vt;tif $w;wpy;
nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;gij ftdp.
(1)
Kf;fpakhd vOtha; (subject)
vd;d?
(2) Kf;fpakhd nraw;ghL (object)
vd;d?
(3) Kf;fpakhd tpidr;nrhy; (verb)
vd;d?
4. Ngrg;gLk; tpraq;fspd; topahf:
mDgtq;fs; egUf;F egH NtWgLk; vdNt mitfis cgNjrkhf khw;wf;$lhJ. xUtd; jd;Dila
mupjhd rkaj;jpy; xU trdj;jpYs;s cgNjrj;ijg; Gupe;Jnfhs;s ,aYk;. MdhYk;
jiyg;Gfshf gpupj;J Muha;e;J ghHg;gJ Mtpf;Fupa tsHr;rpf;Fk; ek;Kila tho;f;iff;Fk;
m];jpghuk; Nghd;wJ. Nrg;gLk; tpraq;fspd; topahf Muha;e;J ghHf;Fk;NghJ
epidtpw;nfhs;sNtz;ba cjtpnra;af;$ba .....
a)
xNu khjpupAs;s thHj;ijfis my;yJ fUj;Jf;fis rpe;jpj;J mjpDila nghUj;jj;ij kw;w
Fwpg;NgLfspy; rupghHf;fNtz;Lk;.
b)
jpwTNfhy; thHj;ijfisf;nfhz;L kw;w trdq;fNsNl xg;gpl;Lg;ghH.
c)
Kf;fpa fUj;ij vy;yh Nfhzj;jpypUe;Jk; fUjpdha; vd;gij epr;rapj;jf;nfhs;
d)
Vw;w Fwpg;Gf;fs; ,jpy; Eioaf;$lhJ.
tpahf;fpahdk;:
Gupe;jtw;wpypUe;J rpy nghUis tpsf;Ftjw;fhfNt tpahf;fpahdk; vd;gij epidtpw;nfhs;f.
vd;d> Vd; vd;fpw ,uz;L thHj;ijfs;jhd; ,jw;F jpwTNfhyhapUf;Fk;. xU rupahd
tpsf;fj;ijf;nfhz;L tUtjw;F ,e;j ,uz;L Nfs;tpfisAk; Njtd; Ngrpatw;wpypUe;J
ekf;Fs;shfNt vOg;gpg; ghHf;fNtz;Lk;.
cjhuzk;:
1)
,e;j thHj;ijapd; nghUnsd;d?
a)
cd;Dila Gupe;Jnfhs;Sjy; Ntjj;jpd; nghUNshNl xj;jpUf;fpwjh?
b)
rpy Kf;fpakhd thHj;ijfSf;F xU nghUs; Fwpj;j gy nrhy;iy
(synonym)
cd;dhy; rpe;jpf;fKbAkh?
c)
xU nrhy;ypd; nghUis mwpa %d;W tpjkhd mZFKiw cs;sJ vd;gij epidtpw;nfhs;s.
(m) rhjhuzKiw (mfuhjpapy; vt;thW tptupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)
(M) me;j NtjgFjpapd; mikg;G my;yJ re;jHg;gKiw (vg;gb
gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ)
(,) xg;gPlk; jd;ikAs;s Kiw (Ntjj;jpy; vt;thW
gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ?)
2) Vd; ,e;j fhupak; my;yJ tp\ak; Ntjj;jpy; NrHf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ?
a)
ek;Kila Gupe;Jnfhs;SjNyhL ,J vtw;iwf; $l;bj;jUfpwJ.
3) ,e;j fhupaj;jpw;Fk; Ntj gFjpapd; mikg;gpw;Fk; my;yJ re;jHg;gj;jpw;Fk; cs;s
njhlHG vd;d?
a)
,jpd; fhuzKk; tpisTk; vd;d?
b)
ek;Kila rpe;jidapd; rPuhd caHTld; $ba khw;wk; vd;d?
c)
mjw;Fs;shf Njq;fpf; fplf;Fk; tpsf;fk; vd;d?
4) R+o;epiyia vg;gb eP cd; kdjpw;Fs; fw;gidnra;J ghHg;gha;?
a)
,q;F fhzg;gLk; epiyik vd;d?
b)
,q;Fs;s kdpjHfs; vg;gbg;gl;ltHfs;?
5) xU jiyahd tpUg;G ntWg;G my;yJ ghugl;rk; ,Ug;gjhf cd;Dila ghHitf;Fg;
Gyg;gLfpwjh?
kdxUikg;ghL: kd xUikg;ghl;by; %d;W Kf;fpakhd gFjpfSz;L. (1) cd;Dila gFjp (2)
kw;wtHfNshL cd;Dila cwTKiw (3) NjtNdhL cd;Dila cwTKiw
1)
cd;Dila jdpg;gl;l [Ptpak;:
tpRthrpfspd; Fzeyj;ijAk;> Rghtj;ijAk; khw;wp mtHfisj; jk;Kila Fkhudpd;
rhaYf;nfhg;ghf khw;Wtjw;fhf Njtd; gpupag;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhH (vNgrp.4:24).
a)
mtH ek;ikg; gupRj;jk; nra;a tpUk;GfpwhH. mg;gb mtH tpUk;GtJ xUNtis ehk;
ghLfis re;jpf;fNtz;b $l ,Uf;fyhk; (1.NgJ.1:7> rfup.13:9> 1:22> ahf;.4:8)
b)
mtH ek;ik cw;rhfg;gLj;j tpUk;GfpwhH (Nuh.15:4). ,Uspd; Neuq;fnsy;yhk; NjtDila
MWjypdhy; ntspr;rkhf;fg;gl;L> ek;gpf;if ekf;F Kd;ghfg; nghUj;jg;gLk;.
c)
mtH ekf;F topiaf; fhl;l tpUk;GfpwhH (rq;.119:105). ek;ikr; Rw;wpYk; epiwa
gs;sj;jhf;Ffs; ,Ug;gjhy; mijf; fle;J tUtjw;F ekf;F Qhdk; mtrpak;. me;j Qhdk;
Njtdplj;jpypUe;J khj;jpuNk tUk; (ahf;.1:5).
2)
kw;wtHfNshLs;s cd;Dila cwTKiw:
ve;j xU
kdpjDk; xU jPitg;Nghy jdf;Fs;shf tho;e;jpLtJ rhj;jpakhfhJ vd;W xU ftpQH $wpaJNghy>
Njtd; ek;ikf; $bthOk; el;GilatHfsha;> gu];gu cjtpia ehLk; khe;jHfsha;
tho;tjw;fhf ,e;j cyfj;jpNy ek;ikg; gilj;jhH. ,ij czHe;J ,tw;wpd;gb ele;J Njtid
kfpikg;gLj;jply; Ntz;Lk;.
a)
mtH ekJ %ykha; jkJ gzpiar; (rpj;jj;ij) nra;a tpUk;GfpwhH (Vrh.50:4)
b)
ehk; ek;ik kw;wtHfSf;F Kd;ghfj; jho;j;jNtz;Lnkd;W mtH tpUk;GfpwhH
(1.NgJ.5:5-6). Vnddpy; mtH ngUikAs;stHfSf;F vjpHj;J epw;fpwhH.
jho;ikAs;stHfSf;Nfh fpUig mspf;fpwhH.
c)
vg;gbg;gl;l R+o;epiy ekf;F te;jhYk; ehk; rj;jpaj;ijr; rj;jpakha;
kw;wtHfSf;Fr; nrhy;yNtz;Lnkd;W mtH tpUk;GfpwhH (jPj;.2:15)
3)
Njtidg; gw;wpa ek;Kila rpe;ij:
fHj;jH
kfh NjtDk; vy;yh NjtHfSf;Fk; kfhuh[DkhapUf;fpwhH (rq;.95:3). MfNt ehk; mtUila
Qhdj;jpy; tsuNtz;baJ kpfTk; mtrpak;.
a)
eP vg;gbg;gl;ltdhapUf;fNtz;Lnkd;W mtH tpUk;GfpwhH vd;gij njupe;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk;.
NkYk; mtH vg;gbg;gl;ltnud;gijAk; ehk; mwpe;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk;. gupRj;jH mtUf;F
epfuhdtH ,e;j g+kpapy; vtDkpy;iy. vdNtjhd; vy;yh kD\Uk; jq;fs; fz;fis
mtUf;F Neuhf VnwLf;fpwhHfs; (Vrh.40:25-26)
b)
eP mtUila topia mwpe;Jnfhs;tJ mtrpakhapUf;fpwJ. Vnddpy; mtUila topia
mwpe;Jnfhs;shjtHfs; gaq;fukhf Jd;gg;gLthHfs; (rq;.95:10). mtUila topfs;
ek;Kila topfsy;y (Vrh.55:8-9). vdNt mtUila topfs; vq;F NtWgl;L epw;fpwJ vd;gij
ehk; mwpe;Jnfhz;L mit vq;F nray;gLfpwJ vd;gijg; Gupe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
c)
eP mtUila Kfj;ij tpRthrj;jpdhNy fz;L g+upf;fNtz;Lk;. mtUila Kfk; ekf;F
kiwf;fg;gLk;NghJ ehk; tpahFyg;glNtz;bapUf;Fk;> cgj;jputg;glNtz;bapUf;Fk; (rq;.27:9>
69:17). MfNt vg;nghOJ Njtd; jk;Kila Kfj;ij ek;kPJ gpufhrpg;gpf;fpwhNuh
mg;nghOJ ehk; MrPHtjpf;fg;gLNthk; (rq;.119:135).
ehk;
vt;tsTjhd; Ntjj;ijg; gbj;jhYk; gupRj;j MtpahdtH ekf;Fs; thrk;gz;zp ek;Kila
Mj;Jkhtpy; Ngrhtpl;lhy; xU gaDkpy;iy. Vnddpy; Ntjthf;fpaq;fnsy;yhk;
NjtMtpapdhy; mUsg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. mitfs; cgNjrj;Jf;Fk;> fbe;Jnfhs;SjYf;Fk;>
rPHjpUj;jYf;Fk;> ePjpiag; gbg;gpf;FjYf;Fk; gpuNah[dKs;sitfshapUf;fpwJ. ,e;j
mbg;gilapy; (topapy;) mJ cdf;Fs; fpupia nra;al;Lk; (2.jPNkh.3:16).
mLj;j ghlj;jpw;F.....
gpujhd gf;fk;
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