Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg
gHj;jNyNkA rPfd;ghy;f;
Bartholomäus Zigenbalg
1683 - 1719
gHj;jNyNkA rPfd;ghy;f;
1683k; Mz;L [{d; khjk; 23k; Njjp n[Hkdp ehl;by; XgHnysrpl;]; vd;w
khtl;lj;jpy; Gy;];dp];l; vd;w fpuhkj;jpy; gpwe;jhH. je;ijapd; ngauhd
gHj;jNyNkA rPfd;ghy;f; vd;w ngaNu ,tUf;Fr; R+l;lg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,tH rpd;d
rPfd;ghy;f; vd;wiof;fg;gl;lhH.
,tUf;F
%d;W %j;j rNfhjupfs; cz;L. ,tH ngw;NwhUf;F xNu igadhdjhy; nry;ykhf
tsHf;fg;gl;lhH. jha; nja;tgf;jp kpFe;j khJ. ngaH fhjiud;. jhAk; je;ijAk;
Neha;nfhz;l clYilatHfshapUe;jjhy; ,UtUk; ruPu ngytPdKilatuhapUe;jhHfs;.
jhapd;
Neha; mjpfupj;jjhy; gLf;ifapyhdhH. jhapd; kuz Neuk; neUq;fpf;nfhz;bUe;jJ.
gps;isfSk; fztUk; fhjiudpd; fl;biyr; Rw;wp epd;W fz;zPH tpl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;jdH.
mg;NghJ fhjiud; mk;ikahH fl;biyr; Rw;wp epd;w gps;isfisg; ghHj;J> vd;
gps;isfNs> ePq;fs; moNtz;lhk;. ehd; cq;fSf;Fg; ngupa jputpak; xd;W
itj;jpUf;fpNwd;. mjid vdJ Ntjg;Gj;jfj;jpy; NjLq;fs;> fhz;gPHfs;. vd;
NtjGj;jfj;jpd; xt;nthU gf;fj;ijAk; gbj;J fz;zPNuhL Njtdplk; nfQ;rpapUf;fpNwd;
vd;W $wp ,t;Tyf Xl;lj;ij Kbj;jhH. ,f;fhl;rpapidAk; md;idapd; nrhw;fisAk;
gps;isfs; xUNghJk; kwf;fNtapy;iy.
fhjiudpd;
kuzj;jpw;Fr; rpy ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd; je;ij rPfd;ghy;f; fLk; Nehahy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;L gLf;ifapyhdhH. rPf;fpuk; kuzk; rk;gtpf;Fk; vd;W mtH
mwpe;jpUe;jjhYk;> gps;isfs; rpWtHfshapUe;jikahYk;> kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;
rtg;ngl;b thq;f my;yYWtH vd vz;zp> xUtuJ cjtpahy; rtg;ngl;b xd;wpid thq;fp
tPl;by; itj;jhH. Jd;gk; njhlHe;JtUk; vd;gjw;fpzq;f ,e;epiyapy;
xUehs; mtuJ tPL jPg;gpbj;Jf;nfhz;lJ. jPia mizf;f mf;fk;gf;fj;jhH XNlhb
te;jdH. gLf;ifapypUe;j je;ij rPfd;ghy;f;if tpiutpy; ntspNa vLj;Jr; nry;y
Kaw;rpj;jdH. gLf;ifNahL NrHj;Jr; Rke;J nry;tJ fbdkhapUe;jikahy; NtNwjhtJ
fpilf;Fkhntd;W NjbdH. xU rtg;ngl;b mtHfs; fz;fspy; njd;gl;lJ. mjDs;Ns mtiu
itj;J NtfNtfkhf ntspNa nfhz;Lte;jdH. ,t;tpjkha; je;ij rPfd;ghy;f; jPapdpd;W
jg;Gtpf;fg;gl;lhH. mtiuf; fhg;ghw;wpatHfs; kfpo;r;rpNahL rtg;ngl;bia cw;W Nehf;fpdH. me;Njh! gupjhgk;! mjpy; gHj;jNyhNkAtpd; rlyk; kl;LNkapUe;jJ. capH
,y;iy.
FLk;gj;jpy; Vw;gl;l ,t;tpjkhd JHg;ghf;fpa rk;gtq;fs; rpd;d gHj;NyhNkAtpd;
cs;sj;jpy; Mokha;g; gjpe;Jtpl;ld. vdNt mth nja;tj;ijad;wp Ntnwe;j JiziaAk;
rhjfkhdjpy;iy vd;gjid ed;FzHe;jtuha; NjtidNa rhHe;J thoyhdhH.
Kjypy;
rPfd;ghy;f; nrhe;j Cupy; tptrhapaha; ,Ue;jhh. rpyehl;fs; Mrpupauha;g; gzp
Gupe;jhH. gpd;dH 1703k; Mz;L fy;Nyapy; ,iwapy; fw;whH. ,iwapay; fw;wgpd; gy
,lq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W gpurq;fk; nra;jhH. Njtidg;gw;wp mjpfkha; rpe;jpg;gjpYk;
Njt CopaHfsNshL mjpfkha;j; njhlHG nfhs;StjpYk; <Lgl;lhH. ,jdhy; mjpf
cw;rhfKk; Gj;JzHr;rpAKilatuhdhH.
fy;Nyapy;
gbf;Fk;NghJ xUehs; Mgl; gpiua;j;njhg;l; vd;gtupd; gpurq;fk; ,tiu ntFtha;
mirj;jJ. INuhg;ghtpy; E}W Mj;Jkhf;fisf; fpwp];Jtz;il topelj;Jtijtpl
gpd;jq;fpa ehl;by; XH Mj;Jkhitf; fpwp];Jtz;il topelj;JtNj kpfr; rpwg;ghdjhFk;
vd;w Mgl;gpiua;j; njsg;bd; thHj;ijfs; rPfd;ghy;f;fpd; cs;sj;jpy; gjpe;J
fpupia nra;a Muk;gpj;jd. rPfd;ghy;f;fpd; kp\dwp thQ;ir tsHe;jJ. ,tuJ ez;gH
GSr;NrhTk; ,tiug; Nghd;W Copa thQ;irAs;stuhapUe;jhH.
,r;
rkaj;jpy;jhd; nld;khHf; kd;dH gpunlupf; jdJ muritg; NghjfH lhf;lH
yl;f;fd;rplk; rpy CopaHfis mDg;gpj;jUkhW Nfl;bUe;jhH. nld;khHf;fpy; CopaH
gQ;rk; epytpjhy; mtH nIHkdp ehl;L rPfd; ghy;f;fplKk; GSr;NrhtplKk; vOjpf;
Nfl;lhH. mtHfs; ,UtUk; rk;kjk; njuptpj;J vOjpdH.
vdNt ,tHfsJ
rk;kjk; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;lJ. vdpDk; may;ehl;L kp\dwpfsha;r; nry;YNthH rpy
guPl;irfspy; NjwplNtz;bapUe;jJ. ,jw;fpzq;f ,UtUk; tutiof;fg;gl;L
guPl;rpf;fg;gl;ldH. ,tHfisg; guPl;rpj;jtH GdpjH ,af;fj;ij ntWg;gtH.
rPfd;ghy;f;Fk; GSr;NrhTk; GdpjH ,af;fj;jpy; mjpf ehl;lKilatH. Mifahy; Kjy;
guPl;irapy; ,tHfs; ,e;jpahtpw;Fr; nry;yj; jFjpaw;wtHfs; vd;W
jPHg;gspf;fg;gl;ldH. jiyikaplj;J cj;juTg;gb kPz;Lk; xU guPl;ir elj;jg;gl;lJ.
jiyikaplk; ,tHfSf;Fr; rhjfkhapUg;gijawpe;j guPl;ir Nkw;ghHitahsH ,tHfs;
jFjpAs;stHfs;jhd; vd;W jPHg;gspj;jhH.
rPfd;ghy;f;Fk; GSr;NrhTk; ,e;jpahtpw;F tutpUg;gij mwpe;j Nldp\; fk;ngdpahH
jq;fsJ Rje;jpuk; (kdk;Nghy; elj;jy;) ghjpf;fg;gLk; vd;nwz;zp mtHfsJ tutpw;F
Kl;Lf;fl;ilapl Kaw;rpj;jdH.
rPfd;ghy;f; ,e;jpahtpw;F
tUjYk; gzpapd; Muk;gKk;
rPfd;ghy;f;iftpl GSr;Nr MWtajpw;F %j;jtH. ,Ug;gpDk; ,UtUk; xUkpj;j
fUj;JilatHfs;> cw;w ez;gHfs;. ,UtUk; 1706k; Mz;L [{iy khjk; 9k; Njjp Nrhgp
nfl;tpf; vd;Dk; fg;gypy; juq;fk; ghbf;F te;jdH.
juq;fk;ghbaUfpy; epWj;jg;gl;bUe;j fg;gypypUe;J midtUk; fiuf;Fk; nry;y
mDkjpf;fg;gl;ldH. Mdhy; ,t;tpUtUf;Fk;
mDkjp toq;fg;gltpy;iy. ,tHfis Vw;Wf;nfhs;sNth cgrupf;fNth xUtUkpy;iy. ,tHfisf;
fiuf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;y xUtUk; glF mDg;gTkpy;iy. rpy ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd;dH xUtH
mtHfSf;F cjtpl Kd;te;jhH. mtH mt;tpUtiuAk; ,d;ndhU fg;gYf;F khw;wpdhH.
mjpypUe;J jq;ff;Fzk; gilj;j jkpoHfspd; cjtpahy; glfpNywp fiuNrHe;jdH.
fiuNrHe;jNghJ murhq;f mYtyH xUtH jd; ifapy; gpbj;jpUe;j fk;gpapdhy; mbj;J
tpLNtd; vd;W $wpg; gaKWj;jpdhH. MfNt mtHfs; mq;Nf epw;fNtz;bajhapw;W. mg;NghJ
Neuk; fhiy gj;J kzp. md;W khiy ehd;F kzp tiuapYk; mtHfs; juq;fk;ghb efUf;Fs;
nrd;wpl mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. Mk;! mUe;jplj; jz;zPH$lf; nfhLf;fg;glhj epiyapy;
mq;NfNa epd;wdH.
vt;tsT
rpwg;ghd tuNtw;G! fpwp];Jitg;gw;wp RtpNr\k; $wte;j kp\dwpfis INuhg;gpaH
tuNtw;w tpjk; ,Jjhd;.
,Us; R+Ok;
Neuj;jpy; Nldp\; jsgjp N[.rp. Nfrpa]; rPfd;ghy;f;ifr; re;jpf;f te;jjH.
mjl;Lk; Njhuizapy; cq;fis ,q;F tur;nrhd;dJ ahH? vd;W Nfl;lhH. rPfd;ghy;f;Fk;
GSr;NrhTk; jhq;fs; Nldp\; murupd; fl;lisg;gb te;jjhff; $wp> mjw;fhd mj;jhl;rpg;
gj;jpuj;ijAk; fhl;bdH. vdNt Nfrpa]; mikjpg;gl;Lj; jpUk;gpdhH. mtH gpd;dhy; ,t;tpU
CopaHfSk; nrd;wdH. re;ijj;jply; tiu gpd;dhy; nrd;wdH. gpd;dH Ntfkhf Nfrpa];
nrd;Wtpl;likahy; ,UtUk; nra;tjwpahJ jpifj;J epw;fyhapdH.
Njtd;
jk;ik ek;GfpwtHfisf; iftpLfpwjpy;iy vd;gJ vd;WNk ngha;j;jjpy;iy.
Mk;>
mq;F xU n[HkhdpaH te;jhH. jpifj;J epd;w ,tHfisj; jd;DlNd mioj;Jr; nrd;whH.
jdJ khkhtpd; tPl;by; nfhz;L NrHj;jhH. gpd;dH ,tHfs; thliff;F tPL mkHj;jp
mq;F thoyhapdH.
Nfrpa];>
jpl;lk; gy jPl;bdhH. ,k;kp\dwpfshy; jd; cUl;Lk; Gul;Lk; ,opr;nray;fSk;
re;ijf;F te;JtpLk; vd;W gae;jtuha; ,tHfSf;Fj; njhy;iy nfhLj;jpl> JaH
ngUf;fpl KO%r;Rld; nray;g;glyhdhH. Nldp\; fk;gdpahUk; Nfrparpd;
jpl;lq;fSf;nfy;yhk; MjuT nfhLj;jdH.
1707k;
mz;L tUlg;gpwg;G jpdj;jpy; GSr;Nrh fpwp];jtHfspd; ghtq;fisf; Fwpj;Jk;
fk;gdpahupd; mtkhdr; nray;fisf; Fwpj;Jk; fz;bj;Jg; Ngrp mtHfs; kde;jpUk;gp ,NaR
fhl;ba topapy; elf;f Ntz;Lnkd;W Nghjpj;jhH. vdNt md;W khiyapy;jhNd
rPfd;ghy;f;Fk; GSr;NrhTk; Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;L ftHdH Kd;dpiyapy;
epWj;jg;gl;ldH.
rPfd;ghy;f;ifAk; GSr;NrhitAk; Nfrpa]; mbj;J nehWf;fp tpLgtHNghy; Nfhgk;
nfhz;lhH. ,e;j eha;fSf;F ek;ikg; gw;wp Vd; ,e;j mf;fiw vd;W $wpathNw ifia
klf;fp rPfd;ghy;f;fpd; neQ;rpNy Fj;jpdhH. ,ijf;fz;l jkpo;j;jhapd; Gjy;tHfs;
Nfrpa];jhd; eha; vd;W cs;sj;jpy; vz;zpdH. fpwp];Jitg; gpurq;fpg;NghH
cz;ikapNyNa tPuHfs;jhd;. ,tHfSf;Nf ,j;jif tPuk; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ fpwp];JtpYk;
vj;jidahapUe;jpUf;Fk; vd;W epidj;jdH> ngU%r;R tpl;ldH.
rPfd;ghy;f; kde;jsuhJ nra;aNtz;batw;iwr; nra;J nfhz;NlapUe;jjhH. mepahak;
nra;ag;gl;lNghnjy;yhk; ,ad;wsT Njt xj;jhirAld; vjpHj;jhH.
xUrkak;
xU tpjit Nfrparplk; epahaj;jpw;fhf Kiwapl;lhs;. Nfrpa]; mjw;Fr;
nrtprha;f;ftpy;iy. mtSila fztH uhag;gd; jiyKb rpq;fhupf;Fk; njhopy; Gupe;jtH.
,tH Qhd];ehdk; ngw;W ey;ynjhU fpwp];jtuha; tho;e;jhH. jPbnud mtH kupj;Jg;
NghdhH. mtuJ nrhj;J rk;ge;jkhf tpjitf;Fk; FLk;gj;jpdH rpyUf;Fk; jfuhW
Vw;gl;lJ. ,ij tprhupj;J epahak; toq;FkhWjhd; mts; Nfrparplk; Nfl;lJ. mtH ,jid
mrl;il nra;jjhy; mts; mq;fyha;j;jhs;. ,jid mwpe;j rPfd;ghy;f;> jhd; mwpe;j
cz;ikfis vLj;Jf;$wp me;j Viof; fpwp];jtSf;F epahak; toq;FkhW xU fbjk;
vOjpdhH. ,jdhy; Nfrpa]; fLq;Nfhgkile;jhH. murpaypy; jiyapLfpwhH rPfd;ghy;f;
vd;W Fw;wk; rhl;bdhH. rPfd;ghy;;if mioj;J tUkhW XH mbikia mDg;gpdhH. gpd;dH
rPfd;ghy;f; ,jdpkpj;jk; rpiwapyilf;fg;gl;lhH.
rPfd;ghy;f; ehd;F khjq;fs; rpiwapy; mtjpAw;whH. rpwpanjhU miwapy; rpiw
tho;f;if elj;jpa rPfd;ghy;f;if ahUk; ghHj;jpl mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. vOJtjw;F
fhfpjk;> Ngdh MfpadTk; nfhLf;fg;gltpy;iy. mdhy; fHj;jH mtiu vt;tpjf;
FiwTkpd;wp Ngh\pj;jhH. md;dhUf;Fj; Jd;gkspj;J te;j Nfrpa]; jd;
Kaw;rpfsidj;Jk; tPzhtijf; fz;L> mtiu tpLiy nra;Jtpl vz;zpdhH. Mdhy; mjw;F
Kd;
kd;dpg;Gf; fbjk; vOJtjhdhy; cldbahf tpLjiy nra;ayhk; vd;W GSr;Nrhtplk; Nfrpa];
nrhy;yp mDg;gpdhH. rPfd;ghy;f; mjw;F ,zq;ftpy;iy. Nfrpa]; jtWfis czuyhdhH.
NfrpaRf;F rPfd;ghy;f;if tpLjiy nra;ahky; epk;kjp ,y;iy vd;w epiy Vw;gl;lJ.
Mifahy; jd; kidtpAld; xUehs; rPfd;ghy;f;iff; fhzr;nrd;whH. rPfd;ghy;f;
Nfrpairj; jd; neUq;fpd ez;gidg;Nghy; tuNtw;W md;Gld; NgrpdhH. rPfd;ghy;f;
1709k; Mz;L khHr; khjk; 26k; Njjp tpLjiyahdhH.
rPfd;ghy;f;Fk; GSr;NrhTk; fpwp];J ehk kfpikf;fhf mile;j Ntjidfis tptupg;gpd;
ek; fz;fspy; fz;zPH ngUFk;> cs;sj;jpd; Ntjid ngU%r;rha; ntsptUk;.
,t;tpU
kp\dwpfSk; rpy fhyk; nrhe;j ehL nrd;W jpUk;gpdhy; ey;yJ vd vz;zpdH. Mdhy;
mtHfs; jq;fs; jha;ehl;bw;Fr; nry;yhjpUf;f vd;ndd;d ,ila+W nra;a KbANkh
mj;jidiaAk; fk;gdpahH nra;jdH.
jkpOf;Fj;
njhz;lhw;Wjy;
rPfd;ghy;f; jkpo; fw;wy;
rPfd;ghy;f; Iaiu jkpoHfs; ed;F Nerpj;jdH. jkpoHfs; ghuhl;ba md;G mtuJ ruPu
ngytPdj;jpy; GJj; njk;ig mspj;jJ.
GSr;NrhTk; rPfd;ghy;Fk; juq;fk;ghbapy; xU rpW gs;spf;$lk; Muk;gpj;jdH. ,UtUk;
jhq;fs; Muk;gpj;j gps;spapNy rpW gps;isfNshL jiuapy; cl;fhHe;J jkpo;
vOj;Jf;fis tpuypdhy; kzypd; jiuapy; vOjp jkpo; fw;wdH. mtHfSf;F Kjypag;gd;
vd;w tNahjpgH fw;Wf;nfhLj;jhH.
rPfd;ghy;f; ,uz;L tUlq;fshf N[Hkd; Gj;jfNkh yj;jPd; Gj;jfNkh gbf;fhky;
jkpioNa fw;whH. jpdKk; fhiy VO kzp Kjy; vl;L kzp tiu fle;j ehspy; fw;w
jkpo;r; nrhw;fis kdg;ghlkha;r; nrhy;YthH. gpd;dH vl;Lkzp Kjy; xU kzp tiu
jkpo;r; Rtbfs; gbg;ghH. khiyapy; %d;W kzp Kjy; Ie;J kzp tiu kPz;Lk; jkpo;r;
Rtbfs; gbg;ghH. ,uT VO kzp Kjy; vl;Lkzp tiu ahiuahtJ xUtiu jkpo;g;Gj;jfq;fis
thrpf;fr; nra;J ftdpj;Jf;nfhz;L ,Ug;ghH.
,t;tpjkha;
,tH jkpiog; gbj;jikahy; vl;L khjq;fspy; jkpopy; NgrTk; vOjTk; fw;Wf;nfhz;lhH.
,jdhy; jkpOf;F kWkyHr;rpf;fhyk; Muk;gpf;fyhapw;W vdyhk;. ,f;$w;W rupjhNdhntd
Nfs;tp vOg;gyhk;.
fk;gdp
tHj;jfHfs; kj;jpapYk;> fk;gdp gl;lhsj;jpdH kj;jpapYk; CopaHfs; mf;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jNghjpYk;
mtHfsplk; fpwp];jtj; njhz;lhw;Wk; thQ;ir ,y;iy. vdNt ,e;epiyapy; gupRj;j
NtjGj;jfj;ijj; jkpopy; nkhopngaHj;jy; ,yFthd fhupaky;y. fpwp];jt CopaH
xUtUila cjtpAkpd;wp jdpj;Nj mtH ,g;gzpapy; <LglyhdhH. ,g;gzpapid mtH
Muk;gpg;gjw;FKd; mtH gy ehl;fsha; Cf;fkha; n[gpj;jhH. GJ cw;rhfKk; nja;t top
elj;JjYk; ngw;whH. vdNt 1708k; Mz;L mf;NlhgH khjk; 17k; Njjp Gjpa Vw;ghl;il
nkhopngaHf;f Muk;gpj;jhH.
1707k;
Mz;L khHr; khjj;jpypUe;J gy ghl;Lf;fis nkhopngaHj;jhH. jkpo; ,uhfq;fSf;Nfw;w
fPHj;jidfis ,aw;wpdhH. ,tH ,aw;wpa 48 ghly;fs; vl;L Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;dH
mr;rplg;gl;ld.
jkpo;
Gjpa Vw;ghL nkhopngaHg;G mr;rplg;gLKd; 1713k; Mz;by; jkpo;ehl;l nja;tq;fspd;
guk;giu vd;w E}iy vOjpdhH. ePq;fs; ,g; Gj;jfj;jpidg; gbj;jgpd; cz;ikia
mwpe;Jnfhs;tPHfs;.
rPfd;ghy;f; Kjypy; jkpopy; xw;iwj;jhs; gpujpfSk; gpd;dH gpurq;fq;fSk;
vOjpdhH. mjd;gpd; Gj;jfq;fs; vOjpdhH. ,it ahTk; ifg;gpujpfshapUe;jd.
nkhopngaHf;Fk; gzpapy; <LgLjy;
gupRj;j
NtjGj;jfj;ijj; jkpopy; nkhopngaHj;J jkpoHfs; Ntjj;ijg; gbj;J jhq;fshfNt
mwpe;Jnfhs;Sk; toptifjid ,Jtiu ahUk; nra;atpy;iy. Gul;l];lhd;l; kp\d;
gpuptpdH ek; ehl;by; Copak; nra;a Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd;djhfNt fj;Njhypf;fg;
gpuptpdH ,e;jpahtpy; epiynfhz;bUe;jNghjpYk; Ntjg;Gj;jfj;ijj; jkpopy; jpUj;jp
midtUk; gbj;jpLk; tifapy; ahUk; fUj;Jr; nrYj;jpajpy;iy vdyhk;.
,g;Gj;jfk;
219 gf;fq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. ePjpntz;gh> nfhd;iwNte;jd;> cyfePjp vd;Dk; jkpo;
E}y;fis xd;W NrHj;J ehdhtpj E}y;fs; vd;w ngaUld; Mf;fpitj;jhH. ,jw;Fs; mtH xU
Kd;DiuiaAk; NrHj;jhH. yj;jPd; nkhopapy; xU jkpo; ,yf;fz E}y; ,aw;wpdhH.
n[Hkd; nkhopapy; kyghH ehl;L khHf;fj;ijg;gw;wpa KOtpguKk; vd;w 322 gf;fq;fs;
nfhz;lnjhU E}iyAk; vOjpdhH (kyghH vd;Dk; thHj;ij jkpo; ehl;ilf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ)
jpU
rPfd;ghy;f; gid Xiyapy; vOJtjpy; NjHr;rp ngw;whH. gidXiyr; Rtbapy;
vOjpatw;iw n[Hkdpapy; jdpj;jdpj; jkpo; vOj;Jf;fshf thHj;njLf;f xOq;F nra;jhH.
,e;jpahtpw;Fj; nra;j
njhz;L
Kjy;
fhfpjj; njhopw;rhiy
n[Hkdpapy; thHg;gpf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fs; ,e;jpahtpw;F te;jgpd; mtw;iw
mr;rpLtjw;fhd fhfpjKk; mr;rfKk; ,e;jpahtpy; ,y;yhikahy; Nkw;nfhz;L
vd;dnra;tnjd;W vz;zplyhdhH. ,tH vOjp itj;jpUe;j gidXiyr; Rtb tbtpyhd
E}w;fisg; gyUk; mwpa mr;rpl;Lg; gug;g KbahjpUe;j epiyikapid ed;W czHe;jpUe;j
ml;NyhH Jiu vd;gtH ,e;jpahtpNyNa fhfpjk; nra;Ak; Kaw;rpapyPLgl;lhH. mtH
juq;fk;ghbf;F mUfpYs;s nghwhahH vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; fhfpjk; nra;tjw;fhd Miyia
vw;gLj;jpdhH. rPfd;ghy;f;fpd; J}z;LjYk; Cf;f%l;LjYk; ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhapUe;jJ. ,Jjhd;
,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; fhfpjj; njhopw;rhiy.
kp\dwpfs;
,e;jpah GJikngw vt;tstha; cioj;jpUf;fpwhHfs; vd;gij ,r;nray; njs;sj; njspa
vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wjy;yth?
Copaj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd fhfpjk; jd; njhopw;rhiapy; nra;JnfhLj;J cjtpdhH
ml;NyhH.
,e;jpahtpd;
Kjy; mr;rk;
rPfd;ghy;f;fpd; ey; Copaj;ij mwpe;j ,q;fpyhe;J ehl;L fpwp];J khHf;f
mgptpUj;jpr; rq;fj;jhH XH mr;R ,ae;jpuj;ij mtUf;F mDg;gp tij;jdH. mt;tr;R ,ae;jpuj;ij
Rke;Jte;j fg;gy;> n[Hkdpa ez;gHfs; nfhLj;j mr;R vOj;Jf;fisAk; Rke;Jte;jJ.
mr;R ,ae;jpuj;ijf; nfhz;Lte;j fg;giy topapy; gpuQ;Rf;fhuhHfs; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;ldH. rpy ehl;fSf;Fg;
gpd; nrd;id ftHdH gzk; nrYj;jp mf;fg;giy kPl;lhH. vdNt kPz;Lk; fg;gy; ,e;jpah
Nehf;fpg; gpuahzk; Muk;gpj;jJ. Mg;gpupf;fhtpd; njd;Nfhbapy; ed;dk;gpf;if Kid
mUNf fg;gy; tUk;NghJ mr;R ,ae;jpuj;ij ,af;fj; njupe;jpUe;j epGzH
kupj;Jg;NghdhH. mr;R ,ae;jpuk; juq;fk;ghbf;F te;jJ. Mdhy; mjid ,af;fj;
njupe;j xUtUk; ,y;yhjjhy; ,ae;jpuk; cgNahfpf;f Kbahj epiyapy; itf;fg;gl;lJ.
vdpDk;
rPfd;ghy;f; cw;rhfk; Fd;wtpy;iy. ek;gpf;ifapy; jsHr;rpailatpy;iy. ,k;kl;Lk;
elj;jpd Njtd; ,d;dKk; elj;JthH vd;w ek;gpf;ifAld; nrayhw;wpdhH. rpy ehl;fspy;
Nldp\; NridapypUe;j NghHtPuH xUtUf;F mr;R ,aj;jpuj;ij ,af;fj; njupAk;
vd;gijf; Nfs;tpg;gl;lhH. jsgjpapd; mDkjp ngw;W mtiu mioj;J te;J Kjypy; rpy
gpurq;fq;fisAk; gpd;dH tpdh tpil vd;w E}iyAk; mr;rpl;lhH. ,itjhd; ,e;jpahtpy;
mr;rplg;gl;l Kjy; E}y;fs; (1713). 1713k; Mz;bd; ,Wjpg; ghfj;jpy; Gjpa
Vw;ghl;bd; mr;Rg; gjpg;ig Muk;gpj;jhH.
,e;jpahtpy;
mr;R vOj;Jf;fs; thHg;gpf;fg;gLjy;
n[HkdpapypUe;J nfhz;Ltug;gl;l mr;nrOj;Jf;fs; kpfg; gUkdhapUe;jgbahy;
juq;fk;ghbapy; rpwpa mr;nrOj;Jf;fs; thHf;fg;gLtjw;fhd xOq;Ffis ,tH nra;jhH.
mr;nrOj;Jf;fs; ,e;jpahtpNyNa nra;ag;gl;ld.
Mk;! ,e;jpahtpy;
(jkpo;ehl;by;) fpwp];jt Copak; nra;Jte;j rPfd;ghy;f; mr;rfk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ>
mr;nrOj;Jf;fs; thHg;gpj;jJ Mfpad ,e;jpahtpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; Kjy; fl;lk;
vd;gij ahH kWj;jplf; $Lk;> kiwj;jpl ,aYk;.
,e;jpahtpd;
mwpTf;fz;izj; jpwf;ff; fhuzkhapUe;NjhH fpwp];jtHfs;jhd; vd;gJ cs;sq;if
ney;ypf;fdpiag;Nghy; Gyg;gLfpwjd;Nwh? fpwp];jtHfis ek; NjrKd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F Kd;
Fwpj;jpUe;jtH ,NaR fpwp];Jtd;Nwh! ,jid ,e;jpaH midtUk; czHe;J ,NaRit jq;fs;
nrhe;j ,ul;rfuhf Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhy; tskha; MrPHthjk; ek; ehl;by; jq;Fkd;Nwh!
juq;fk;ghbapy; mr;rfj;jpy; ntspaplg;gl;l rPfd;ghy;f;Ftpd; E}w;fs; Y}j;jupd;
QhNdhgNjrf; Fwpg;G> ,ul;rpg;gpd; xOq;F> Nrho kz;lyjh;jhUf;F xU epUgk;>
Qhdg;ghl;Lg; Gj;jfk;> n[gg; Gj;jfk; MfpadthFk;.
RtpNr\ Copak;
rPfd;ghy;f; nkhopngaHj;j jkpo; Gjpa Vw;ghL gbg;gjw;F vspaeilapy;
mike;jpUe;jjhy; VuhskhNdhH tpUk;gpg; gbj;jdH. gyH mjidg; gbj;J kde;jpUk;gp
fHj;juhfpa ,NaRNt nka;ahd nja;tk; vd;W mwpe;J mtiu Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhH.
Nuhkd;
fj;Njhypf;f rigapduhapUe;j uh[ehaf;fd; vd;gtH rPfd;ghy;f; nkhopnaHj;j Gjpa
Vw;ghl;ilg; gbj;jjhy; juq;fk;ghb Gul;l];ld;l; kp\dwpfNshL njhlHG nfhz;lhH.
gpd;dH Gul;lh];ld;l; fpwp];jtuhdhH. ,utJ kdkhw;wk; tPukhKdptH vd;w ng];fpf;F
fLQ; rpdKz;lhf;fpaJ. ng];fp rpwe;j mwpthsp. ngaH ngw;w jkpwpQH. vdpDk; ,tH
uh[ehaf;fDf;F ,lH gy nra;a Kad;wplyhdhH.
uh[ehaf;fdpd; tPl;il mopj;jpl ng];fp Ml;fis mDg;gpdhH. CuhH mjidj; jLj;J
epWj;jpdH. gpd;dH mtuJ J}z;Ljyhy; rpyH nrd;W uh[ehaf;fdpd; tPl;il jhf;fpdhH.
uh[ehaf;fdpd; ,U rNfhjuHfs; fhakile;jdH. mtuJ je;ij nfhy;yg;gl;lhH. vdpDk;
uh[ehaf;fd; jsuh tpRthrj;Jld; jd; Ntiyia tpl;Ltpl;L RtpNr\ CopauhdhH. mtH %yk; RtpNr\k; gy ,lq;fspYk; gutpaJ.
rPfd;
ghy;f; Copak; nra;tjpy; Kd;zzpapy; epd;whH. gpw kjj;jtH kj;jpapy; ,iltplhJ
Copak; nra;jhH. gpw kjj;jtH ,tiu ntWf;ftpy;iy. md;G ghuhl;bdH. ghrKld;
elj;jpdH.
,tH
juq;fk;ghbapy; jd; tPl;bw;F Kd;dhy; ngupanjhU ge;jy; mikj;jpUe;jhH. ,g;ge;jypy;
thujw;jpw;F %d;W ehs; RNjrpfs; te;J $LtH. mtHfSf;F fpwp];Jitg;gw;wpf; $wp
RtpNr\l gzpGupe;jhH. mtiuj; jdpahff; fz;L Ngr tpUk;GNthUf;nfd rkak; xJf;fp
itj;jpUe;jhH. mt;Ntisapy; mq;F tUNthiu xt;nthUtuha; tprhupj;J mtHfSf;F Mj;kPf
czizf; nfhLj;jNjhL ey; cgNjrq;fSk; $wp cjtp nra;jhH. vdNt mtiuf; fz;LNgrp
fHj;jiug;gw;wp mwpe;J fspg;gila mNefH tUtJz;L.
,f;fhyj;Jg;
NghjfHkhupy; ngUk;ghyhNdhH ,k;Kiwapidg; gpd;gw;whJ cs;sdH. rpy ehl;fs;
njhlHgha; Myaj;jpw;F tuhjtHfs;> Gjpjhf Myaj;jpw;F tUNthH> fz;zPUk; >
ftiyAkha; tUNthH> MfpNahiuj; jdpNa re;jpj;Jg;Ngrp> Mz;ltd; jpUthf;if
mtHfSf;Ff; $wp> MWjyspg;gJ kpfTk; crpjkhdnjhU nrayhFk;.
juq;fk;ghbapy; ,tH jq;fplj; Jtf;fpa ,uz;lhk; Mz;by; Nghj;Jf;fPrpa
rpWtHfSf;nfd xU gs;spf;$lk; Muk;gpj;jhH. mjpy; ek; jkpo; nry;yf; Foe;ijfs;
gy te;J fw;wd. mtHfSf;F fpwp];jtf; fy;tp nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. rpy ehl;fspy; mJ
rpwpaNjhH rigahf khwpaJ. RNjrpfs; gyH jpUKOf;Fg; ngw;W rigapd; mq;fkhapdH.
fj;Njhypf;fg; gpuptpypUe;Jk; gyH te;J ,r;rigapy; NrHe;Jnfhz;ldH. ,r;rigapy;
1707k; Mz;L 35 NgUk;> 1708k; Mz;L 101 NgUk; 1712k; mz;L 202 NgUk; mq;fk;
tfpj;jdH. ,t;tpjkha; rig tsuyhapw;W.
rl;ilf;fhuUf;nfd;W
(Anglo - Indian)
NghHbq; ghlrhiy xd;W ];jhgpj;jhH. ,tH kupf;Fk;NghJ NghHbq;
ghlrhiyapy; 280 Ngh gbj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jdH.
ehl;by;
epytpa [hjp tpj;jpahrk; rigapy; epytp tplhjgb rPfd;ghy;f; Kad;wNghjpYk;
KbahJ Nghapw;W. rPfd;ghy;; Muk;gpj;j rigapy; NghHj;Jf;fPrpaH> INuhg;gpa cil
mzpe;J ehfuPfkhaj; Njhw;wkspj;jdH. Mjp jpuhtpl ,dj;ijr; NrHj;j Gj;jpf; $HikAs;s
rpWthfSf;Fk; INuhg;gpa Kiwapyhd Mil mzptpj;J rl;ilf;fhuNuhL rkj;Jtkha;
elj;jg;gl;ldH. ,tHfs; R+j;jpur; rpWtHfistpl caHe;jtHfsha;f; fUj;jg;gl;ldH.
fyg;Gj; jpUkzk; gy;NtW [hjpapdUf;Fs; eilngw;wJ. Mdhy; R+j;jpuHfSf;Fk;
MjpjpuhtplHfSf;FkpilNa fyg;Gj; jpUkzk; eilngwtpy;iy.
gy [hjpapdH
rigapy; ,Ue;jNghjpYk; rPfd;ghy;f; kpfj; jpwikahf midtiuAk; xw;WikAld;
gupghypj;J te;jJ> mtH cyf ,ul;rfH fpwp];Jtplk; fw;w ghlNkad;wp Ntwy;y.
rPfd;ghy;f; fl;ba Kjy; Myak;
rPfd;ghy;f; ,e;jpahtpy; (juq;fk;ghb) Copak; nra;jjpd; gydha; rig
Vw;gl;lnjd;W ghHj;Njhk;. mtH te;j gjpd;%d;W khjq;fspy; mofpa Myak; xd;wpidf;
fl;bdhH. 1707k; Mz;L Mf];L khjk; 14k; Njjp mt;thyak; gpujp\;il nra;ag;gl;lJ.
md;W mtH (rq;.122:6) vUrNykpd; rkhjhdj;Jf;fhf Ntz;bf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. cd;id
Nerpf;fpwtHfs; Rfpj;jpUg;ghHfshf! vd;w trdj;jpd;Ngupy; jkpopy; mUSiu
Mw;wpdhH.
,Jjhd;
,e;jpahtpy; ,e;jpaUf;fhff; fl;lg;gl;l Kjy; fpwp];jt Myak;. (1680k; Mz;by;
nrd;idg; gl;lzj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; Gul;l];lhd;l; Myak; fl;lg;gl;ljhf
tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;Gfs; cs;sd. mt;thyak; INuhg;gpaHfSf;fhff; fl;lg;gl;lJ)
rPfd;ghy;f; RkhH MWkhj fhyk; nrd;idg; gl;lzj;jpy; RtpNr\ Copak; Gupe;Js;shH.
mg;NghJ mq;fpUe;j Gu];lhz;l; Myaj;jpy; mUSiu Mw;wpapUf;ff; $Lk;. mjd; gpd;dH
cldbahf juq;fk;ghbapy; jkpoUf;fhf Myak; fl;lg;glNtz;ba Njitia czHe;J tpiutpy;
Myaj;ijf; fl;bapUg;ghH vd;W ek;gplyhk;.
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